Brewing
Simulator_
Change pour height and flow rate to explore how water descends, spreads, and recirculates inside a dripper.
This simulator illustrates water motion and flow without modeling fines or particle-size distribution. Brown grounds lift, spread, and return to the bed using educational assumptions, not calculated grain sizes, settling speeds, or fines migration. Water level and bed amount use adjustable relative heights; actual water volume, dose, and drainage are not calculated.
Time elapsed since each water marker entered. Blue darkens with age; a small arrow at the trail end shows travel direction. Initial water is blue-gray and grounds are brown. Color does not encode speed, concentration, or the order vortices formed. Markers are recycled; actual water residence time and drainage are not calculated.
Reading the views · direct controls
The gray dashed path and arrow show spout movement, separate from water trajectories. For automatic pours, the side view has a fixed direction: the spout moves left and right, and water and grounds at front/back depths overlap. Fixed pours use a thin slice. Mixing for each path is an educational illustration, not a prediction of rotation strength.
Brown grains and short brown trails show ground movement. Move the pour to stir the bed at the new position immediately; lifted grains continue with the water and return to the bed. This does not calculate migration by fines size.
The top view projects water and bed together. Brown shading marks the bed, the blue ring marks the pour, and the smaller dashed blue ring marks where it reaches the bed. Drag or use arrow keys to move the pour. For fixed pours, the side view is a thin slice along the dashed section line. Automatic pours use a fixed side projection across all depths.
Drag the spout inside the blue dashed outline in the side slice. Left/right changes pour position; up/down changes height (0–30cm). During looping, flow keeps moving and the height you set is held. With looping off, this edits the nearest 5-second profile point and pauses playback. Arrow keys work too.
Dripper selection compares reference geometry. It does not calculate or rank product drainage or internal velocity. Changing drippers restarts the timeline.
Added models · coordinate reference
Valve, immersion, and dispersed-pour models are excluded. Wedge X/Y use each opening axis; circle and spiral radii use the shorter axis to preserve circular paths. Inner geometry remains schematic.
Pour path · position
Pour pattern
Drag the top view or use arrow keys to move the circle center. The cross marks the center; the blue ring marks the current pour. The center is constrained so the whole circle stays inside the opening. Increasing radius may move the center inward.
Pour path controls
Play to repeat the selected path. A spiral pours for two turns during 80% of each cycle, then returns to its starting radius with pouring off. Changing pattern, direction, radius, or duration restarts the comparison. Top-view interaction in circle mode moves its center; other manual pour-position edits switch to a fixed pour.
Current pour position
Editing X or Y switches to a fixed pour. Adjust the circle center with the center X and Y above.
Water level · coffee bed
Water level
Coffee bed amount
Water and bed settings: scope
Less–more is a fraction of the inner height, not grams or mL. This compares submerged beds, so water stays at least 5 percentage points above the bed. Adjustments rebuild the ground distribution while playback continues. Spout height above water is retained. Mixing attenuation through a deeper water layer is an educational assumption.
Height · flow profile
Kettle height
Pour flow rate
Drag graph points or use ↑ ↓. Height is above the water surface; g/s is mass flow rate. These inputs alone do not determine actual internal velocity.
Jet speed assumptions
Assumes a 4mm nozzle and water density of 1,000kg/m³. Excludes air drag and breakup losses. This is not an internal velocity measurement.
Jet · assumed edge flow
Near the wall, this illustrates asymmetric mixing and a possible bypass route along the wall. Wall contact does not guarantee bypass; occurrence and amount depend on paper contact, water level, and bed resistance. Paths and effects are unvalidated assumptions.
Read water flow and mixing separately
Blue dots and lines illustrate water entering at the pour, descending, and returning around it. Grounds start in the brown bed; nearby surface grains lift, spread, and return using a separate illustrative rule. Hide water or grounds independently to compare them. All views share one 3D state.
Change one variable at a time
Change height at a fixed flow, or flow at a fixed height. Zero flow stops pouring. Pause playback to edit and compare profiles.
Research context · model scope
Water descent, surrounding circulation, and local ground movement are schematic. Grain lifting, return, and the small bed depression are visual assumptions. This does not solve Navier–Stokes, particle mechanics, a porous bed, filter resistance, or mass balance, or predict taste, yield, or clogging.
Evidence for shape and motion
Hario V60
The drawing reflects the published 60° cone, spiral ribs, and single outlet. Ribs are described as air passages, not used as a coefficient that strengthens vortices.
HARIO · V60 design ↗UFO Dripper V3
Single-direction channel curvature references the supplied UFO logo, alongside the official 80° form. Curvature, sections, and dimensions are schematic, not vortex-strength coefficients.
UFO · V3 design ↗OREA O2 · OPEN
Smooth walls, an open base, and a minimal filter-support ridge are distinct features. The base is not drawn as one small outlet. Other OREA models and interchangeable bases are separate designs.
OREA · O2 design ↗Kalita Wave 185 S
Flat base, three outlets, and a wave filter. The 20 pleats belong to the paper filter; they are not 20 ribs on the brewer body.
Kalita · Wave design ↗ORIGAMI Air M
A 20-fold cone and single outlet. Published exterior dimensions of 142×87mm and a 25mm outlet inform proportions; inner walls and filter geometry still need measurement.
ORIGAMI · Air M design ↗Mazelab SOLO v1
The designer describes combining conical and flat-bottom features. Rounded lower walls, a large central outlet, and horizontal grooves reference official photos. Curvature and inner dimensions are schematic; the SPIN valve and taste or drainage predictions are excluded.
Mazelab · SOLO v1 ↗EPDA · designer notes ↗OREA V4 Narrow · FAST
The Narrow body and FAST base are shown with paper-support grooves and drainage spaces. This differs from O2 OPEN; switching to CLASSIC, OPEN, or APEX is excluded. Groove patterns and dimensions are simplified schematics, and actual drainage speed is not computed.
OREA · V4 guide ↗OREA · geometry and grooves ↗Kalita 102-D
The drawing shows a wedge shape, three outlets along an elongated base, and vertical ribs. Unlike Wave 185’s flat bed and triangular outlet arrangement, its long and short axes narrow differently with depth. Inner proportions and rib count are schematic; drainage from outlet count is not computed.
Kalita · 102-D design ↗Melitta Aroma Filter 1×2
The drawing shows a wedge shape, one outlet, and internal vertical grooves, for comparison with Kalita 102’s three outlets. Actual outlet placement, inner dimensions, and groove count are schematic; brew time and water-level changes from paper resistance are not computed.
Melitta · Aroma Filter design ↗April Plastic Brewer
The standard Plastic Brewer from April in Denmark references photographed flat-bed geometry, horizontal grooves, a central opening, and three paper supports. The supports lift paper from the base; they are not three outlets. Dimensions and support height are schematic, and the Hybrid immersion configuration is excluded.
April · Plastic Brewer design ↗CHEMEX Classic · 6 cup
The drawing distinguishes a smooth glass funnel, pouring-spout air channel, wood collar, and integrated carafe. The official guide places the three-layer filter side over the spout. Inner dimensions are schematic and the carafe is abbreviated; paper resistance and actual air-channel flow are not computed.
CHEMEX · Classic design and guide ↗Park et al. · 2025
Experiments on jet erosion and resuspension inform this illustration. Observed granular avalanches are not computed. Jet width and coherence matter, so breakup is a separate comparison mode.
Physics of Fluids · paper ↗How can this model develop?
Next: measured geometry, nozzle/level/flow measurements, water-only validation, then coupling free flow to a porous bed and filter. Even without resolving size distribution, bed permeability and porosity are needed. Validate mass balance, drainage, water level, and video flow before reporting internal velocities.
Darcy’s law · porous-media reference ↗